Structure Content

The outer membrane (OM) is an essential element in Gram-negative (diderm) bacteria. Its integrity is maintained by the control of lipids asymmetry via LPS and phospholipids transport by the Lpt and Mla systems, respectively. […]

Methanogenic archaea are phylogenetically diverse, ancient and environmentally widespread. They are common inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals, and produce methane, a potent green-house gas, as a metabolic by-product. Despite […]

The ENVIRA project aims to study the egress mechanism of non-enveloped spindle-shaped viruses, which represent one of the dominant virus groups in Archaea.

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ancient and ubiquitous protein cofactors essential for life. It is thought that Fe-S clusters spontaneously assembled in the early Earth anaerobic environment rich in iron and sulfur. Rise of oxygen […]

The FunVesi project is focused on functional characterization of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaea of the order Sulfolobales. The main objective of the project is to provide the understanding […]

The Archaea are growingly gaining centre stage in the field of prokaryotic diversity and evolution. Yet, with respect to Bacteria, many fundamental cellular processes remain largely understudied. Most Archaea divide by binary fission using […]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), produced by eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication via transfer of a wide variety of molecular cargoes. Recently EVs of several intracellular pathogens have […]

L. pneumophila -host interactions have been studied in several animal models, but they all have their weaknesses and except the guinea pig model that is rarely used, they do not well recall human infection. […]

https://www.fondationbs.org/en/our-community/laureates-and-projects/simonetta-gribaldo

Humans live in a symbiotic relationship with trillions of microorganisms that inhabit our bodies and play an important role in health and disease. There is a growing interest in manipulating the microbiome to improve […]

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The Archaea are largely known as microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, but are in fact ubiquitouly found in nature. Importantly, archaeal methanogens are also stable members of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), where they […]

The project is a Research and Innovation Action, its funding originates from the H2020-EU.3.7.5. – Increase Europe’s resilience to crises and disasters budget line, topic : SU-DRS04-2019-2020 – Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) […]

Pathogenic Leptospira lack many classical virulence factors and approximately 35% of their genome encode proteins of unknown function. Their virulence mechanisms and how they subvert the host and colonize tissues remain largely unknown. To […]

afin de les utiliser dans le futur en tant que médicaments PHAGESAFETY est une recherche scientifique impliquant l’utilisation de données et d’échantillons collectés dans le cadre de la cohorte COSIPOP Quel est l’objectif de […]

Bacteria exchange and recombine DNA to accelerate their evolution and adapt to new stress. Their evolvability is illustrated by the rapid emergence of multi resistant bacteria after the introduction of antibiotics. The most powerful […]

We previously showed that the intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionaries’ disease in humans, alters mitochondrial morphology by injecting the effector MitF in the host cell through its type IV secretion […]

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Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative environmental intracellular bacterium which causes a severe pneumonia. It survives and replicates in the environment in protozoa and during human infection in alveolar macrophages. This is achieved by a […]

Alterations of the gut microbiota are associated with numerous diseases, of which many involve impaired immune tolerance, such as allergies. However, the role of specific microorganisms and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterised. Archaeal […]

Mitochondria are critical players in cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial respiration generates ATP by a process known as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which involves the coordinated action of several complexes and accessory proteins in the electron transport […]

MIRRI is a pan-European distributed research infrastructure in its Preparatory Phase which aims to support research and development in the field of biotechnology. Currently, more than 40 public culture collections and research institutes from […]

It has been suggested that certain metabolic conditions in macrophages could be key to permit intracellular infection. As intracellular bacteria are able to take up nutrients directly from the cytoplasm of infected cells and […]

During infection, Leptospira are confronted with dramatic adverse environmental changes such as deadly reactive oxygen species (ROS). Withstanding ROS produced by the host cells is an important strategy evolved by pathogenic Leptospira for colonizing […]

Retracing the global spread of Yersinia enterocolitica & the evolution of pathogenicity within its lineages, from a One Health perspective Abstract:The Yersinia species are instrumental models to investigate the emergence of pathogenicity in the […]

A common phenomenon in most microbial infections is the attenuation of the host’s immediate immune response, allowing for long-term colonization. We and others have shown that many pathogens achieve this by manipulating the epigenetic […]

About the Nanopore User Group: The Nanopore User Group at Institut Pasteur was established in 2019 with the primary goal of fostering collaboration, sharing knowledge, and advancing the application of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) […]

Sorry, this entry is only available in FR.

Sorry, this entry is only available in FR.

Sorry, this entry is only available in FR.

The Archaea represent an understudied but important fraction of microbial diversity present in a wide variety of environments and ecosystems, including the human body. They have key ecological roles and a unique place in […]

Methanogenesis is an archaeal-specific metabolism that could have been active as early as 3.5 Gy ago with a direct impact on the evolution of the Earth’s climate system, as well as on current global […]

Commensal and pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli produce various surface structures promoting their interaction with living or inert surfaces. We study the structure and regulation of E. coli adhesins and extracellular matrix polysaccharides contributing to biofilm […]

  Specific metabolic changes occurring during biofilm formation were hypothesized to lead to the production of biofilm-associated molecules and biofilm-specific functions. The  identification of biofilm-specific metabolites could reveal new aspects of biofilm biology, and lead to novel strategies […]

 One of the  of the hallmarks of biofilm physiology is its tolerance to a high level of antimicrobials. We are currently investigating the molecular mechanisms that lead to this transient ability to withstand antimicrobial treatments. […]

   Bacteria produce and release into their headspace a wide variety of volatile secondary metabolites. However, While detection and quantification of these volatiles as attractive or repellent odors and aromas are of great interest in food and cosmetic […]

Although  many clinically and ecologically relevant processes are known to be  performed by biofilm communities composed of strict or facultative anaerobic bacteria, biofilms were often studied in  aerobic conditions.  We use in vitro anaerobic culture systems […]

  Our research unit aims at studying peptidoglycan (PGN) metabolism to better understand how bacteria assemble a mature and essential PGN that confers rigidity and shape to the cell despite a highly dynamic process […]

Biofilms are universal traits of bacteria defined as mixed species communities characterized by high cell density, reduced diffusion and heterogeneous structures. These characteristics induce behaviors and phenotype that are not observed in planktonic microorganisms […]

The main goals of our research activity aim at elucidating new pathways/mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of low GC % Gram-positive bacteria that constitute a major burden for public health. We believe that in-depth […]

Biofilm formation relies as much on bacterial adhesion properties than on surface chemistry, and many questions remain regarding biophysics of surface adhesion. In collaboration with physico-chemists and biophysicists, we used multidisciplinary approaches to investigate bacterial […]

The operation and development of Biological Resource Centres (BRCs) make necessary the use of software to manage all data relating to acquisition, characterization, production, storage as well as distribution of biological resources. At the […]

Clostridium difficile (CD), recently reclassified as Clostridioides difficile, a Gram-positive spore-forming anaerobic bacterium, has rapidly emerged as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease in hospitals worldwide. The incidence and severity of CD infections […]

Leptospira spp. are thin, highly motile, slow-growing spirochetes that can be distinguished from other bacteria on the basis of their unique helical shape and the presence of periplasmic flagella. Fig. Effect of mreB depletion […]

CNF1 is a toxin that catalyzes the permanent activation of host RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 small GTPases by selective deamidation of a glutamine residue into a glutamic acid. This 1 dalton post-translational modification can […]

Gastric cancer  is the fourth most common malignancy and the third cause of cancer related-death worldwide. Although its incidence and mortality rates have progressively decreased in the last decades, the absolute number of cases […]

CNF1 is a toxin that catalyzes the permanent activation of host RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 small GTPases by selective deamidation of a glutamine residue into a glutamic acid. This 1 dalton post-translational modification can […]

The variable spectrum of diseases caused by C. difficile (CD) is correlated for the severe forms to the level of toxins produced during host infection. This strengthened the idea that regulation of toxin synthesis […]

Cyanobacteria produce a large variety of bioactive compounds, some of which are toxic. But little is know about this natural product capacity at the phylum level. Our phylum-wide study highlighted the benefits of diversity-driven […]

Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abs) is an emerging pathogen causing lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Although the environmental reservoir of M. abs is currently unknown, M. abs possesses a gene pool dedicated to a […]

Bacterial protein toxins are molecular nanodevices endowed with the capacity of inducing host specific unparalleled pathophysiological effects. Therefore, major challenges in toxinology include the development of countermeasures other than vaccination against bacterial protein toxins […]

Acquisition of antibiotic resistant bacteria and development of the gut microbiome in neonates in low-income countries. Antibiotic resistance represents a major health issue worldwide. The situation is particularly acute in low-income countries (LIC), due […]

EMBRIC is designed to propose integrated multidisciplinary value chains of services for the exploration of marine bioresources and their sustainable exploitation as sources of biomolecules and/or as whole organisms for food. The cluster unites […]

Archaea have unique membranes, radically different from those of bacteria and eukaryotes. Whereas in bacteria and eukaryotes, lipids consist of fatty acids linked to glycerol moieties via an ester bond, in archaeal lipids, isoprenoid […]

Crossing of the epithelium and endothelium barriers by pathogens and their toxins represents essential steps in pejorative evolution of infections. We have discovered that several exotoxins from S. aureus and C. botulinum disrupt epithelium and endothelium barriers by targeting […]

CRISPR-Cas loci are the adaptive immune system of archaea and bacteria. They can capture pieces of invading DNA and use this information to degrade target DNA through the action of RNA-guided nucleases. The consequences […]

The role of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell physiology: from bacterial shape to host-microbe interactions Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a major essential and unique component of the cell wall of both of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. […]

The PCC comprises more than 750 axenic strains isolated from very diverse habitats. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA of the majority of the PCC strains permitted to select reference strains for several genomic […]

European and global research infrastructures (RIs) provide facilities and resources to support excellence and innovation, delivering socio-economic value by raising skills, advancing knowledge and technology and its exploitation, and driving new development and construction. […]

In comparison to other bacterial species, genetics and molecular basis of the pathogenesis of leptospires are in their infancy. An improved understanding of leptospiral pathogenesis requires reliable genetic tools for functional genetic analysis of […]

 Biofilm formation on medical devices is associated with hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections. Due to biofilms’ high tolerance to antibiotics, classical treatments lack efficacy, and removal of the biofilm-contaminated device is often the only therapeutic option. […]

Project with the following partners: -INSERM UMR1092, Université de Limoges (Marie-Cécile Ploy) -Anses, Unité Antibiorésistance et virulence bactériennes (Jean-Yves Madec) -INRAE, UMR-1282, Université de Tours (Sébastien Leclercq)

The peptidoglycan (PGN) is an essential macromolecule of bacteria composed of a glycan moiety cross-linked by small stem peptides. The assembly of this macromolecule is achieved by protein complexes that involve synthetases, scaffolding proteins […]

IS_MIRRI21 commenced in February 2020, which was officialised by the successful Kick-Off Meeting conducted on the 25th and 26th of March, 2020 under the coordination of University of Minho (UMINHO) from Portugal. This European […]

Representation of MIRRI in ISIDORe The Biological Resource Center (CRBIP) represents the MIRRI infrastructure in ISIDORe. Our activities are focused on service provision (TA), but also in joint research activities. The ISIDORe project intends […]

CNF1 is a toxin that catalyzes the permanent activation of host RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 small GTPases by selective deamidation of a glutamine residue into a glutamic acid. This 1 dalton post-translational modification can […]

The Microbial Resource Research Infrastructure (MIRRI) is the pan-European distributed Research Infrastructure for the preservation, systematic investigation, provision and valorisation of microbial resources and biodiversity. It currently brings together 50+ microbial domain Biological Resource […]

Although competitive interactions between bacteria (bacterial interference), are likely to represent a key aspect of many infectious processes, the nature of these interactions within mixed biofilm communities is poorly understood. We use in vitro biofilm models […]

Tuberculosis still remains a major threat for public health, with one-third of the world population latently infected, and more than one million deaths per year according to the WHO. Among the factors that have […]

  We use in vitro and in vivo models of polymicrobial communities in order to better understand the molecular events underlying colonization resistance and pathogen exclusion by commensal bacteria   Articles on this topic David Pérez-Pascual, Sol Vendrell-Fernandez, […]

Bacteriophages infecting pathogenic bacteria, which have been studied for their in vivo activities and defined as valuable for therapeutic application, are in this project, subject to molecular studies ranging from bacterial receptor identification to […]

Our Unit investigates and characterises the molecular, genetic and cellular basis of the infection by Legionella. Legionella are environmental bacteria but some species like Legionella pneumophila or Legionella longbeachae are also opportunistic pathogens that […]

What’s best to study humans and their infectious deseases than Human emulation system ? It’s now possible at Pasteur to develop real Organs-on-chips with cells from different sources, patient derived or cell line. At […]

The genus Yersinia belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and is composed of 17 species, three of which are pathogenic for humans: Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis. Enteropathogenic species Y. enterocolitica and Y. […]

The agent of epidemic dysentery, the bacterium Shigella dysenteriae type 1, was isolated in Japan in 1897 by Dr Kyoshi Shiga during a massive epidemic of bloody diarrhea that caused 20,000 deaths over a […]

Our unit participates in the PreDiCT-TB consortium, whose main goal it is to find the most rapid and reliable ways of identifying the most potent combinations of new drugs. Please find more information on […]

We aim to study the adjuvant effects of Enterococcus hirae in antitumoral response. In particular, we want to identify how E. hirae translocates the intestinal barrier and the cells that mediate the antitumor effect.

The capacity to rapidly and accurately identify virulent strains of C. difficile in order to prevent severe and fatal infections remains a major chal- lenge for clinicians and investigators. Also, the evolution of an […]

The Negativicutes are a poorly studied lineage of bacteria that include common inhabitants of the human oral and gut microbiome such as the anaerobe Veillonella, and which can also develop into opportunistic pathogens. Despite […]

Bacteria produce hundreds of volatile compounds, important for the crafting of microbe-based foods like wine, beer, or cheese. Although  the odorant chemicals emitted by bacteria were rarely characterized in the context of bacteria-bacteria or bacteria-host […]

CRISPR loci and the associated Cas genes are the adaptive immune system of archeae and bacteria. They have the ability to capture pieces of DNA from viruses and other invading genetic elements [1], and […]

The symbiotic microbiota plays an essential role at many levels of host physiology, and germfree mice develop a large number of defects. In the intestine, the microbiota metabolises nutrients and toxins to generate an […]

Our unit is partner in the TBVAC 2020 consortium and participates actively in the research of improved whole cell vaccines against tuberculosis. More information on the consortium and its main goals is available via […]

Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, is a major cause of nosocomial infections such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Spores are the vector of its transmission and persistence in the environment. Despite the importance of […]

The Think tank Mucosal Immunology gathers several research units form the departments of immunology, microbiology, cellular biology and epidemilogy and infection, as well as from the Institut Imagine (Necker) and Hôpital Paul Brousse. It […]

Pulmonary infections are a leading cause of death worldwide and infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are steadily increasing. We study how virulent bacteriophages can be used to treat bacterial lung infections. We develop infectious […]

The usptream stimulating factors USF1 and USF2 are pleïotropic transcription factors belong to the bHLH-Zip family as  the oncogene c-Myc. They act as homo- or heterodimers and interact with DNA consensus E-box sequences in […]

The Viral Host Range database (VHRdb) represents a unique resource for the community to rapidly find, document analyze and disseminate data related to the range of hosts that a virus can infect. Over the […]

Digestive tract of mammals is one of the most complex microbial ecosystems subject to both external and internal factors, through food consumption and interactions with intestinal cells. We are developing and using several experimental […]

We are interested in deciphering the relationships that link gut microbiota with the immune system and the brain. So far, the mechanisms underlying these interplay, and most importantly their consequences, remain largely unknown. Therefore […]

Project in collaborations with the following partners; – InBio Unit, Inria (Grégory Batt) -CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Université Paris-Saclay (Flora Jay) -INSERM, Délégation régionale Paris 11, U1184 RESIST Team (Thierry Naas) -CNRS, […]

The genus Leptospira includes >60 Leptospira species  and more than 300 serovars have been described. Little is known about the circulating etiological agents of leptospirosis in most of the regions of the world. Detailed […]