Timeline
Mart Krupovic
Head of Structure
20 Mar 2024
publication
A new inovirus from the human blood encodes proteins with nuclear subcellular localization
Read more13 Mar 2024
01 Mar 2024
publication
Widespread photosynthesis reaction centre barrel proteins are necessary for haloarchaeal cell division
Read more22 Feb 2024
publication
Cbp1 and Cren7 form chromatin-like structures that ensure efficient transcription of long CRISPR arrays
Read more01 Feb 2024
publication
Double-stranded RNA sequencing reveals distinct riboviruses associated with thermoacidophilic bacteria from hot springs in Japan
Read more01 Feb 2024
08 Jan 2024
publication
Pleomorphic viruses establish stable relationship with marine hyperthermophilic archaea
Read more08 Jan 2024
01 Jan 2024
01 Jan 2024
publication
Diversity of Bathyarchaeia viruses in metagenomes and virus-encoded CRISPR system components
Read more21 Dec 2023
publication
Gene duplication as a major force driving the genome expansion in some giant viruses
Read more01 Dec 2023
publication
DNA polymerase diversity reveals multiple incursions of polintons during nematode evolution
Read more01 Nov 2023
publication
A compendium of viruses from methanogenic archaea reveals their diversity and adaptations to the gut environment.
Read more01 Nov 2023
17 Oct 2023
publication
Mechanical tomography of an archaeal lemon-shaped virus reveals membrane-like fluidity of the capsid and liquid nucleoprotein cargo
Read more01 Oct 2023
01 Oct 2023
01 Oct 2023
01 Oct 2023
01 Sep 2023
01 Sep 2023
29 Aug 2023
publication
New faces of prokaryotic mobile genetic elements: guide RNAs link transposition with host defense mechanisms
Read more24 Aug 2023
publication
MArVD2: a machine learning enhanced tool to discriminate between archaeal and bacterial viruses in viral datasets
Read more01 Aug 2023
publication
Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)
Read more11 Jul 2023
01 Jul 2023
publication
Guidelines for public database submission of uncultivated virus genome sequences for taxonomic classification
Read more22 Jun 2023
15 Jun 2023
10 Jun 2023
publication
Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)
Read more01 Jun 2023
11 May 2023
01 May 2023
publication
Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
Read more27 Apr 2023
24 Apr 2023
publication
A virus-borne DNA damage signaling pathway controls the lysogeny-induction switch in a group of temperate pleolipoviruses
Read more22 Apr 2023
05 Apr 2023
event
Symposium on Microbial Extracellular Vesicles ; June 15th, 2023 ; Auditorium François Jacob
Read more01 Apr 2023
28 Feb 2023
publication
A novel RHH family transcription factor aCcr1 and its viral homologs dictate cell cycle progression in archaea
Read more07 Feb 2023
publication
Archaeal DNA-import apparatus is homologous to bacterial conjugation machinery
Read more02 Feb 2023
01 Feb 2023
01 Feb 2023
01 Feb 2023
publication
Evolutionary diversification of methanotrophic ANME-1 archaea and their expansive virome
Read more23 Jan 2023
publication
Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee
Read more01 Jan 2023
01 Jan 2023
01 Jan 2023
publication
Evolution of anelloviruses from a circovirus-like ancestor through gradual augmentation of the jelly-roll capsid protein
Read more01 Dec 2022
publication
Guidance for creating individual and batch latinized binomial virus species names
Read more01 Dec 2022
publication
Naryaviridae, Nenyaviridae, and Vilyaviridae: three new families of single-stranded DNA viruses in the phylum Cressdnaviricota
Read more01 Dec 2022
publication
2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales
Read more01 Nov 2022
publication
Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022)
Read more25 Oct 2022
13 Oct 2022
08 Oct 2022
01 Oct 2022
publication
Diversity of novel archaeal viruses infecting methanogens discovered through coupling of stable isotope probing and metagenomics
Read more15 Sep 2022
23 Aug 2022
13 Jul 2022
02 Jul 2022
publication
Three families of Asgard archaeal viruses identified in metagenome-assembled genomes
Read more01 Jul 2022
28 Jun 2022
28 Jun 2022
publication
Archaeal bundling pili of Pyrobaculum calidifontis reveal similarities between archaeal and bacterial biofilms
Read more14 Apr 2022
publication
Spindle-shaped archaeal viruses evolved from rod-shaped ancestors to package a larger genome
Read more12 Apr 2022
publication
A newly emerging alphasatellite affects banana bunchy top virus replication, transcription, siRNA production and transmission by aphids
Read more01 Apr 2022
publication
Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly
Read more01 Feb 2022
publication
Cellular homologs of the double jelly-roll major capsid proteins clarify the origins of an ancient virus kingdom
Read more01 Jan 2022
01 Jan 2022
01 Dec 2021
09 Nov 2021
publication
Diversity, taxonomy, and evolution of archaeal viruses of the class Caudoviricetes
Read more01 Nov 2021
01 Nov 2021
01 Oct 2021
publication
Archaeal extracellular vesicles are produced in an ESCRT-dependent manner and promote gene transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme environments
Read more01 Sep 2021
01 Sep 2021
publication
Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)
Read more31 Aug 2021
publication
2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales
Read more21 Aug 2021
publication
Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the ICTV: update of taxonomy changes in 2021
Read more18 Aug 2021
publication
The Baltimore classification of viruses 50 years later: How does it stand in the light of virus evolution?
Read more10 Aug 2021
publication
A filamentous archaeal virus is enveloped inside the cell and released through pyramidal portals
Read more10 Aug 2021
publication
Clandestinovirus: a giant virus with chromatin proteins and a potential to manipulate the cell cycle of its host Vermamoeba vermiformis
Read more31 Jul 2021
01 Jul 2021
01 Jul 2021
publication
The first head-tailed virus, MFTV1, infecting hyperthermophilic methanogenic deep-sea archaea
Read more30 Jun 2021
publication
New insights into the diversity and evolution of the archaeal mobilome from three complete genomes of Saccharolobus shibatae
Read more24 Jun 2021
10 Jun 2021
01 Jun 2021
19 May 2021
publication
Adnaviria: a new realm for archaeal filamentous viruses with linear A-form double-stranded DNA genomes
Read more13 Apr 2021
01 Mar 2021
publication
Near-atomic structure of an atadenovirus reveals a conserved capsid-binding motif and intergenera variations in cementing proteins
Read more01 Mar 2021
27 Feb 2021
06 Dec 2020
01 Nov 2020
15 Oct 2020
13 Oct 2020
09 Oct 2020
01 Oct 2020
01 Oct 2020
publication
Doubling of the known set of RNA viruses by metagenomic analysis of an aquatic virome
Read more04 Sep 2020
publication
2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales
Read more20 Aug 2020
publication
Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)
Read more05 Aug 2020
publication
Structures of filamentous viruses infecting hyperthermophilic archaea explain DNA stabilization in extreme environments
Read more01 Aug 2020
30 Jul 2020
publication
ORF4 of the temperate archaeal virus SNJ1 governs the lysis-lysogeny switch and superinfection immunity
Read more09 Jul 2020
publication
The structures of two archaeal type IV pili illuminate evolutionary relationships
Read more08 Jul 2020
publication
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages That Infect Citrobacter rodentium, a Model Pathogen for Intestinal Diseases
Read more01 Jul 2020
publication
Evolution of a major virion protein of the giant pandoraviruses from an inactivated bacterial glycoside hydrolase
Read more01 Jul 2020
publication
New virus isolates from Italian hydrothermal environments underscore the biogeographic pattern in archaeal virus communities
Read more09 Jun 2020
publication
The replication machinery of LUCA: common origin of DNA replication and transcription
Read more01 May 2020
publication
The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks
Read more08 Apr 2020
publication
Cressdnaviricota: a virus phylum unifying seven families of Rep-encoding viruses with single-stranded, circular DNA genomes
Read more11 Mar 2020
publication
Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2018-2019 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee
Read more04 Mar 2020
01 Feb 2020
publication
Evolutionary entanglement of mobile genetic elements and host defence systems: guns for hire
Read more21 Jan 2020
15 Jan 2020
01 Jan 2020
01 Jan 2020
01 Jan 2020
publication
Expanding the type IIB DNA topoisomerase family: identification of new topoisomerase and topoisomerase-like proteins in mobile genetic elements
Read more01 Jan 2020
publication
Analysis of Spounaviruses as a Case Study for the Overdue Reclassification of Tailed Phages
Read more01 Jan 2020
publication
Structure of a filamentous virus uncovers familial ties within the archaeal virosphere
Read more15 Nov 2019
21 Oct 2019
10 Sep 2019
publication
Diversification of giant and large eukaryotic dsDNA viruses predated the origin of modern eukaryotes
Read more31 Jul 2019
publication
Multiple origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-stranded DNA viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids
Read more22 Jul 2019
publication
Cryptic inoviruses revealed as pervasive in bacteria and archaea across Earth’s biomes
Read more16 Jul 2019
09 Jul 2019
04 Jul 2019
12 Jun 2019
publication
Changes to virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019)
Read more29 May 2019
22 May 2019
event
DPT Microbiologie – soutenance de thèse Sofia MEDVEDEVA : Natural Diversity of CRISPR spacers
Read more22 May 2019
publication
Sequence motifs recognized by the casposon integrase of Aciduliprofundum boonei
Read more20 May 2019
13 May 2019
06 May 2019
publication
Taxonomic assignment of uncultivated prokaryotic virus genomes is enabled by gene-sharing networks
Read more16 Apr 2019
publication
Reply to Holmes and Duchêne, “Can Sequence Phylogenies Safely Infer the Origin of the Global Virome?”: Deep Phylogenetic Analysis of RNA Viruses Is Highly Challenging but Not Meaningless
Read more28 Mar 2019
publication
Novel haloarchaeal viruses from Lake Retba infecting Haloferax and Halorubrum species
Read more01 Mar 2019
publication
Additional changes to taxonomy ratified in a special vote by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (October 2018)
Read more17 Feb 2019
14 Feb 2019
01 Feb 2019
08 Jan 2019
publication
New archaeal viruses discovered by metagenomic analysis of viral communities in enrichment cultures
Read more01 Jan 2019
31 Dec 2018
publication
Strengthening the Interaction of the Virology Community with the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Linking Virus Names and Their Abbreviations to Virus Species
Read more12 Dec 2018
27 Nov 2018
02 Nov 2018
22 Aug 2018
publication
Structural conservation in a membrane-enveloped filamentous virus infecting a hyperthermophilic acidophile
Read more09 Aug 2018
30 Jul 2018
07 Jun 2018
12 May 2018
publication
Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)
Read more21 Apr 2018
11 Apr 2018
10 Apr 2018
publication
Pervasive Chimerism in the Replication-Associated Proteins of Uncultured Single-Stranded DNA Viruses
Read more10 Apr 2018
publication
Vast diversity of prokaryotic virus genomes encoding double jelly-roll major capsid proteins uncovered by genomic and metagenomic sequence analysis
Read more04 Apr 2018
publication
Ortervirales: A new viral order unifying five families of reverse-transcribing viruses
Read more03 Apr 2018
23 Mar 2018
02 Mar 2018
publication
Novel families of archaeo-eukaryotic primases associated with mobile genetic elements of Bacteria and Archaea
Read more08 Feb 2018
08 Feb 2018
26 Jan 2018
publication
Nitrosocaldus cavascurensis, an ammonia oxidizing, extremely thermophilic archaeon with a highly mobile genome
Read more22 Jan 2018
publication
Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2017 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee
Read more22 Jan 2018
publication
History of CRISPR-Cas from encounter with a mysterious repeated sequence to genome editing technology
Read more18 Jan 2018
publication
A novel family of tyrosine integrases encoded by the temperate pleolipovirus SNJ2
Read more18 Jan 2018
publication
Rolling-circle replication initiation protein of haloarchaeal sphaerolipovirus SNJ1 is homologous to bacterial transposases of the IS91 family insertion sequences
Read more16 Jan 2018
publication
Bacteriophage GC1, a novel tectivirus infecting Gluconobacter cerinus, an acetic acid bacterium associated with wine-making
Read more15 Jan 2018
publication
Viruses of archaea: Structural, functional, environmental and evolutionary genomics
Read more01 Jan 2018
publication
Discovery of an expansive bacteriophage family that includes the most abundant viruses from the human gut
Read more13 Nov 2017
10 Nov 2017
publication
Unique architecture of thermophilic archaeal virus APBV1 and its genome packaging
Read more10 Nov 2017
07 Nov 2017
publication
Primer-Independent DNA Synthesis by a Family B DNA Polymerase from Self-Replicating Mobile Genetic Elements
Read more13 Aug 2017
30 Jun 2017
publication
Polintons, virophages and transpovirons: a tangled web linking viruses, transposons and immunity
Read more22 Jun 2017
01 May 2017
publication
Casposons: mobile genetic elements that gave rise to the CRISPR-Cas adaptation machinery
Read more22 Apr 2017
publication
Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2017)
Read more19 Apr 2017
06 Apr 2017
29 Mar 2017
publication
Homologous capsid proteins testify to the common ancestry of retroviruses, caulimoviruses, pseudoviruses and metaviruses
Read more06 Mar 2017
23 Feb 2017
09 Feb 2017
publication
Evolutionary history of ssDNA bacilladnaviruses features horizontal acquisition of the capsid gene from ssRNA nodaviruses
Read more02 Feb 2017
publication
Sequence-based taxonomic framework for the classification of uncultured single-stranded DNA viruses of the family Genomoviridae
Read more11 Jan 2017
publication
50 years of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: progress and prospects
Read more03 Jan 2017
01 Jan 2017
publication
Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2016 update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee
Read more01 Jan 2017
publication
Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials
Read more07 Dec 2016
12 Oct 2016
03 Oct 2016
publication
Diversity and comparative genomics of chimeric viruses in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands
Read more28 Sep 2016
publication
Bipartite network analysis of the archaeal virosphere: evolutionary connections between viruses and capsid-less mobile elements
Read more20 Sep 2016
publication
Casposon integration shows strong target site preference and recapitulates protospacer integration by CRISPR-Cas systems
Read more13 Sep 2016
23 Aug 2016
publication
Abundant Lysine Methylation and N-Terminal Acetylation in Sulfolobus islandicus Revealed by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Proteomics
Read more16 Aug 2016
02 Aug 2016
publication
The Double-Stranded DNA Virosphere as a Modular Hierarchical Network of Gene Sharing
Read more16 Jul 2016
publication
Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016)
Read more27 Jun 2016
publication
Identification, Characterization, and Application of the Replicon Region of the Halophilic Temperate Sphaerolipovirus SNJ1
Read more24 Jun 2016
12 Jun 2016
publication
Fusion of a superfamily 1 helicase and an inactivated DNA polymerase is a signature of common evolutionary history of Polintons, polinton-like viruses, Tlr1 transposons and transpovirons
Read more25 Apr 2016
publication
The logic of DNA replication in double-stranded DNA viruses: insights from global analysis of viral genomes
Read more16 Feb 2016
publication
A virus of hyperthermophilic archaea with a unique architecture among DNA viruses
Read more30 Jan 2016
publication
Self-synthesizing transposons: unexpected key players in the evolution of viruses and defense systems
Read more13 Jan 2016
publication
Recent mobility of casposons, self-synthesizing transposons at the origin of the CRISPR-Cas immunity
Read more05 Jan 2016
publication
Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee
Read more01 Jan 2016
11 Nov 2015
publication
A novel group of diverse Polinton-like viruses discovered by metagenome analysis
Read more29 Oct 2015
publication
Evolution of an archaeal virus nucleocapsid protein from the CRISPR-associated Cas4 nuclease
Read more09 Sep 2015
publication
Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus 1 Contains Glycosylated Capsid Proteins, a Cellular Chromatin Protein, and Host-Derived Lipids
Read more23 Jun 2015
22 May 2015
02 Apr 2015
publication
Multiple layers of chimerism in a single-stranded DNA virus discovered by deep sequencing
Read more29 Mar 2015
publication
Plant viruses of the Amalgaviridae family evolved via recombination between viruses with double-stranded and negative-strand RNA genomes
Read more17 Mar 2015
12 Mar 2015
01 Mar 2015
publication
Evolution of adaptive immunity from transposable elements combined with innate immune systems
Read more27 Feb 2015
publication
Evolution of double-stranded DNA viruses of eukaryotes: from bacteriophages to transposons to giant viruses
Read more11 Feb 2015
publication
Single-stranded DNA viruses employ a variety of mechanisms for integration into host genomes
Read more01 Feb 2015
01 Jan 2015
01 Dec 2014
13 Aug 2014
12 Aug 2014
publication
Dark matter in archaeal genomes: a rich source of novel mobile elements, defense systems and secretory complexes
Read more01 Aug 2014
21 Jul 2014
publication
Evolution of replicative DNA polymerases in archaea and their contributions to the eukaryotic replication machinery
Read more02 Jul 2014
publication
DNA topoisomerase VIII: a novel subfamily of type IIB topoisomerases encoded by free or integrated plasmids in Archaea and Bacteria
Read more18 Jun 2014
publication
Evolution of eukaryotic single-stranded DNA viruses of the Bidnaviridae family from genes of four other groups of widely different viruses
Read more19 May 2014
publication
Casposons: a new superfamily of self-synthesizing DNA transposons at the origin of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas immunity
Read more29 Apr 2014
publication
Conservation of major and minor jelly-roll capsid proteins in Polinton (Maverick) transposons suggests that they are bona fide viruses
Read more02 Apr 2014
publication
Protein-protein interactions leading to recruitment of the host DNA sliding clamp by the hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2
Read more01 Apr 2014
20 Jan 2014
publication
A highly divergent archaeo-eukaryotic primase from the Thermococcus nautilus plasmid, pTN2
Read more07 Jan 2014
publication
Gammasphaerolipovirus, a newly proposed bacteriophage genus, unifies viruses of halophilic archaea and thermophilic bacteria within the novel family Sphaerolipoviridae
Read more11 Dec 2013
publication
Assessment of viral community functional potential from viral metagenomes may be hampered by contamination with cellular sequences
Read more11 Dec 2013
02 Oct 2013
30 Aug 2013
10 Jul 2013
publication
Networks of evolutionary interactions underlying the polyphyletic origin of ssDNA viruses
Read more17 Apr 2013
publication
Genomics and genetics of Sulfolobus islandicus LAL14/1, a model hyperthermophilic archaeon
Read more12 Apr 2013
publication
Living side by side with a virus: characterization of two novel plasmids from Thermococcus prieurii, a host for the spindle-shaped virus TPV1
Read more01 Feb 2013
publication
Genomics and biology of Rudiviruses, a model for the study of virus-host interactions in Archaea
Read more11 Jan 2013
publication
Insights into dynamics of mobile genetic elements in hyperthermophilic environments from five new Thermococcus plasmids
Read more01 Jan 2013
publication
Chimeric viruses blur the borders between the major groups of eukaryotic single-stranded DNA viruses
Read more01 Jan 2013
12 Nov 2012
07 Nov 2012
07 Aug 2012
publication
Recombination between RNA viruses and plasmids might have played a central role in the origin and evolution of small DNA viruses
Read more23 Jul 2012
publication
Archaeal virus with exceptional virion architecture and the largest single-stranded DNA genome
Read more11 Jul 2012
publication
Evolution and diversity of the Microviridae viral family through a collection of 81 new complete genomes assembled from virome reads
Read more25 May 2012
publication
Archaeal tetrathionate hydrolase goes viral: secretion of a sulfur metabolism enzyme in the form of virus-like particles
Read more01 Mar 2012
22 Jan 2012
publication
A new proposed taxon for double-stranded DNA viruses, the order “Ligamenvirales”
Read more01 Jan 2012
01 Jan 2012
01 Dec 2011
publication
Genomics of bacterial and archaeal viruses: dynamics within the prokaryotic virosphere
Read more01 Nov 2011
08 Jul 2011
publication
Crenarchaeal CdvA forms double-helical filaments containing DNA and interacts with ESCRT-III-like CdvB
Read more02 Jul 2011
publication
Double-stranded DNA viruses: 20 families and only five different architectural principles for virion assembly
Read more01 Jul 2011
16 May 2011
10 May 2011
publication
Microviridae goes temperate: microvirus-related proviruses reside in the genomes of Bacteroidetes
Read more01 Jan 2011
publication
A thaumarchaeal provirus testifies for an ancient association of tailed viruses with archaea
Read more06 Oct 2010
25 Jun 2010
publication
The evolutionary history of archaeal MCM helicases: a case study of vertical evolution combined with hitchhiking of mobile genetic elements.
Read more19 Jun 2010
publication
Calcium ion-dependent entry of the membrane-containing bacteriophage PM2 into its Pseudoalteromonas host
Read more20 May 2010
publication
The Sulfolobus rod-shaped virus 2 encodes a prominent structural component of the unique virion release system in Archaea
Read more17 Mar 2010
publication
Protein A33 responsible for antibody-resistant spread of Vaccinia virus is homologous to C-type lectin-like proteins
Read more25 Jan 2010
publication
Comparative analysis of the mosaic genomes of tailed archaeal viruses and proviruses suggests common themes for virion architecture and assembly with tailed viruses of bacteria
Read more21 May 2009
09 Feb 2009
publication
Does the evolution of viral polymerases reflect the origin and evolution of viruses?
Read more01 Dec 2008
28 Jun 2008
01 Apr 2008
publication
Identification and functional analysis of the Rz/Rz1-like accessory lysis genes in the membrane-containing bacteriophage PRD1
Read more04 Mar 2008
publication
Archaeal proviruses TKV4 and MVV extend the PRD1-adenovirus lineage to the phylum Euryarchaeota
Read more01 Feb 2008
publication
Genetics for Pseudoalteromonas provides tools to manipulate marine bacterial virus PM2
Read more20 Aug 2007
16 Jul 2007
publication
Putative prophages related to lytic tailless marine dsDNA phage PM2 are widespread in the genomes of aquatic bacteria
Read more01 Jun 2007
publication
A novel lysis system in PM2, a lipid-containing marine double-stranded DNA bacteriophage
Read more01 Sep 2006
publication
Genome characterization of lipid-containing marine bacteriophage PM2 by transposon insertion mutagenesis
Read more12 Sep 1986
publication