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© Antoinette Ryter
Serratia marcescens avec présence de flagelles (cils) péritriches. Famille des Enterobacteriaceae, bacille à Gram négatif, non sporulé, anaérobie facultatif, mobile, parfois encapsulé, pouvant synthétiser un pigment rouge ou rose. Présent dans les végétaux , le sol, et l'eau. A l'origine d'infections nosocomiales et résistant à de nombreux antibiotiques. Image colorisée.
Publication : Nature microbiology

The impact of genetic diversity on gene essentiality within the Escherichia coli species.

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Nature microbiology - 01 Mar 2021

Rousset F, Cabezas-Caballero J, Piastra-Facon F, Fernández-Rodríguez J, Clermont O, Denamur E, Rocha EPC, Bikard D,

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 33462433

Link to DOI – 10.1038/s41564-020-00839-y

Nat Microbiol 2021 03; 6(3): 301-312

Bacteria from the same species can differ widely in their gene content. In Escherichia coli, the set of genes shared by all strains, known as the core genome, represents about half the number of genes present in any strain. Although recent advances in bacterial genomics have unravelled genes required for fitness in various experimental conditions, most studies have focused on single model strains. As a result, the impact of the species’ genetic diversity on core processes of the bacterial cell remains largely under-investigated. Here, we have developed a CRISPR interference platform for high-throughput gene repression that is compatible with most E. coli isolates and closely related species. We have applied it to assess the importance of ~3,400 nearly ubiquitous genes in three growth conditions in 18 representative E. coli strains spanning most common phylogroups and lifestyles of the species. Our screens revealed extensive variations in gene essentiality between strains and conditions. Investigation of the genetic determinants for these variations highlighted the importance of epistatic interactions with mobile genetic elements. In particular, we have shown how prophage-encoded defence systems against phage infection can trigger the essentiality of persistent genes that are usually non-essential. This study provides broad insights into the evolvability of gene essentiality and argues for the importance of studying various isolates from the same species under diverse conditions.