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© Research
Publication : eLife

Structural basis of αE-catenin-F-actin catch bond behavior.

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in eLife - 11 Sep 2020

Xu XP, Pokutta S, Torres M, Swift MF, Hanein D, Volkmann N, Weis WI,

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 32915141

Link to DOI – 10.7554/eLife.60878e60878

Elife 2020 09; 9():

Cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions transmit mechanical forces during tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. α-Catenin links cell-cell adhesion complexes to the actin cytoskeleton, and mechanical load strengthens its binding to F-actin in a direction-sensitive manner. Specifically, optical trap experiments revealed that force promotes a transition between weak and strong actin-bound states. Here, we describe the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the F-actin-bound αE-catenin actin-binding domain, which in solution forms a five-helix bundle. In the actin-bound structure, the first helix of the bundle dissociates and the remaining four helices and connecting loops rearrange to form the interface with actin. Deletion of the first helix produces strong actin binding in the absence of force, suggesting that the actin-bound structure corresponds to the strong state. Our analysis explains how mechanical force applied to αE-catenin or its homolog vinculin favors the strongly bound state, and the dependence of catch bond strength on the direction of applied force.