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© Research
Publication : Trends in microbiology

Intracellular vs extracellular recognition of pathogens–common concepts in mammals and flies

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Trends in microbiology - 01 Apr 2002

Girardin SE, Sansonetti PJ, Philpott DJ

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 11912027

Trends Microbiol. 2002 Apr;10(4):193-9

There are common themes in innate immune defense systems across the animal and plant kingdoms. Pathogen recognition is commonly based on the identification of microbial molecular patterns by defined receptors and the subsequent activation of signaling pathways that initiate a defense response to fend off the invading microorganism. The existence of mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the recent identification of two mammalian nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins (NOD1 and NOD2) as intracellular sensors of bacterial products bring new insights into the possibility of extracellular versus intracellular pathogen recognition and signal transduction depending on the nature of the infection. The homology between TLRs and the Toll system in Drosophila suggests that conserved defense mechanisms are likely to be shared by diverse organisms.