Genome in 3D: models of chromosome folding | Research - Institut Pasteur

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Matinales du CRT : Maîtrise et sécurité de l’information en recherche clinique

“Challenging the believe – force generation and action in tissue closure processes”

Scientific Fields

Diseases

Organisms

Applications

Technique

Date

23

Nov 2017

Time

14:00:00

25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France

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Building: LWOFF

Location

2017-11-23 14:00:00 2017-11-23 15:00:00 Europe/Paris Genome in 3D: models of chromosome folding DNA of the human genome is 2m long and is folded into chromosomes that fit in 10-micron cellular nucleus. How are these long polymers of DNA folded and organized in 3D inside the nucleus? […] 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France Maxime Rotival maxime.rotival@pasteur.fr

Speakers

(Professor of Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Physics. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, USA)

About

DNA of the human genome is 2m long and is folded into chromosomes that fit in 10-micron cellular nucleus. How are these long polymers of DNA folded and organized in 3D inside the nucleus? How can proteins that are much smaller than chromosomes drive chromosome compaction, segregation or control functional interactions at much larger scales?

Recently developed Chromosome Conformation Capture technique (Hi-C) provides comprehensive information about frequencies of spatial interactions between genomic loci. Inferring principles and mechanisms of 3D organization of chromosomes from these and imaging data is a challenging biophysical problem. Recently we proposed that chromosomes are organized by an active, motor-driven process of loop extrusion. Loop extrusion can be a universal mechanism responsible for formation of domains and facilitation on enhancer-promoter interaction during interphase [1], and chromosome compaction and segregation in metaphase [2]. I will review recent experimental studies [3-5] that provide strong support to loop extrusion as a universal mechanism of chromosome folding.

Fudenberg G, Imakaev M, Lu C, Goloborodko A, Abdennur N, Mirny LA.

Formation of Chromosomal Domains by Loop Extrusion.

Cell Rep. 15(9):2038-49 (2016)

Goloborodko A, Imakaev MV, Marko JF, Mirny L.

Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion.

Elife. May 18;5 (2016)

Nora EP, Goloborodko A, Valton A-L , Gibcus J , Uebersohn A, Abdennur N , Dekker J , Mirny LA , Bruneau BG

Targeted degradation of CTCF decouples local insulation of chromosome domains from higher-order genomic compartmentalization

Cell May 18, 169:5 (2017)

Schwarzer W, Abdennur N, Goloborodko A, Pekowska A , Fudenberg G , Loe-Mie Y, Fonseca NA , Huber W , Haering C, Mirny LA, Spitz F Two independent modes of chromosome organization are revealed by cohesin removal

Nature Sept 27 (2017)

Gibcus J, Samejima K, Goloborodko A, et al., Mitotic chromosomes fold by condensin-dependent helical winding of chromatin loop arrays

http://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/08/10/174649 (2017)

Location

Building: LWOFF
Address: 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France

Published on: 13 Nov 2017

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