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© Research
Publication : Comptes rendus biologies

Pregnancy complications and Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM): balancing antiviral immunity and placental development.

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Comptes rendus biologies - 02 Jul 2021

Buchrieser J, Schwartz O,

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 34213852

Link to DOI – 10.5802/crbiol.54

C R Biol 2021 Jul; 344(2): 145-156

Pregnancy complications occur frequently and are particularly prevalent during the first trimester. They are caused by a multitude of factors, including karyotypic, genetic or environmental conditions, congenital infections and inflammation. The molecular mechanisms leading to placental complications under inflammatory conditions remain unclear. In this review, we discuss how uncontrolled inflammation, triggered by viral infections or other diseases can lead to placental complications. We first highlight the importance of syncytins, ancestral retroviral genes co-opted by mammals including humans, millions of years ago for the process of placenta formation. We then focus on recent advances elucidating how interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins, antiviral proteins rendering cells refractory to viral infections, interfere with placental development.Certaines grossesses s’accompagnent de complications et sont dites pathologiques, elles sont particulièrement prévalentes lors du premier trimestre. Celles-ci peuvent être causées par une multitude de facteurs, comme les anormalités caryotypiques, des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux, des infections congénitales et une sur-inflammation. Dans cette revue, nous examinons comment une inflammation incontrôlée, déclenchée par des infections virales ou d’autres maladies inflammatoires, peut entraîner des complications placentaires. Dans un premier temps, nous mettrons en évidence l’importance des syncytines, protéines d’enveloppe rétrovirales capturées par les mammifères, dont l’homme, dans la formation du placenta. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous concentrons sur la manière dont des protéines cellulaires appelées « IFITM » (interferon-induced transmembrane proteins), qui sont des protéines antivirales rendant les cellules réfractaires aux infections virales, interfèrent avec un mécanisme clé du développement placentaire.