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© Mart Krupovic, Junfeng Liu
Scanning electron micrograph of Saccharolobus islandicus cells (light blue) infected with the lemon-shaped virus STSV2 (yellow). Artistic rendering by Ala Krupovic.
Publication : Nature reviews. Genetics

Evolution of adaptive immunity from transposable elements combined with innate immune systems

Team: Archaeal Virology
Member: Mart Krupovic
Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Nature reviews. Genetics - 01 Mar 2015

Koonin EV, Krupovic M

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 25488578

Nat. Rev. Genet. 2015 Mar;16(3):184-92

Adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes and animals give rise to long-term memory through modification of specific genomic loci, such as by insertion of foreign (viral or plasmid) DNA fragments into clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci in prokaryotes and by V(D)J recombination of immunoglobulin genes in vertebrates. Strikingly, recombinases derived from unrelated mobile genetic elements have essential roles in both prokaryotic and vertebrate adaptive immune systems. Mobile elements, which are ubiquitous in cellular life forms, provide the only known, naturally evolved tools for genome engineering that are successfully adopted by both innate immune systems and genome-editing technologies. In this Opinion article, we present a general scenario for the origin of adaptive immunity from mobile elements and innate immune systems.