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© Research
Publication : Molecular biology and evolution

Orthologous mammalian APOBEC3A cytidine deaminases hypermutate nuclear DNA.

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Molecular biology and evolution - 25 Oct 2013

Caval V, Suspène R, Vartanian JP, Wain-Hobson S

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 24162735

Link to DOI – 10.1093/molbev/mst195

Mol Biol Evol 2014 Feb; 31(2): 330-40

The human APOBEC3 gene cluster locus encodes polynucleotide cytidine deaminases. Although many act as viral restriction factors through mutation of single-stranded DNA, recent reports have shown that human APOBEC3A was capable of efficiently hypermutating nuclear DNA and inducing DNA breaks in genomic DNA. In addition, the enzyme was unique in efficiently deaminating 5-methylcytidine in single-stranded DNA. To appreciate the evolutionary relevance of these activities, we analyzed A3A-related enzymes from the rhesus and tamarin monkey, horse, sheep, dog, and panda. All proved to be orthologous to the human enzyme in all these activities revealing strong conservation more than 148 My. Hence, their singular role in DNA catabolism is a well-established mechanism probably outweighing any deleterious or pathological roles such as genomic instability and cancer formation.