Lien vers Pubmed [PMID] – 29593675
Front Microbiol 2018;9:409
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a major cause of AIDS-related mortality in Africa. Detection of serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) predicts development of CM in antiretroviral (ART) naïve HIV-infected patients with severe immune depression. Systematic pre-ART CrAg screening and pre-emptive oral fluconazole is thus recommended. We postulated that a semi-quantitative CrAg screening approach could offer clinically relevant advantages. ART-naïve asymptomatic adult outpatients with <100 CD cells/mm presenting to the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon were screened for CrAg using the IMMY lateral flow assay (LFA). CrAg positive patients were consented for lumbar puncture and those with proven CM were treated with combination antifungal therapy and those with no CM were offered long-term oral fluconazole. Simultaneous on-site evaluation of CrAg detection using the new LFA Biosynex CryptoPS test was performed and both tests were subsequently compared to a reference commercialized CrAg enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Prevalence of serum CrAg in 186 screened adults was 7.5% (95%CI: 4.5-12.4). In CrAg positive patients, CM prevalence was 45.5% (95%CI: 18.3-75.7). IMMY and Biosynex CryptoPS strongly agreed in serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (Kappa: 98.4, 99.5, 100%, respectively, p 160 strongly correlated with proven CM and Biosynex CryptoPS T2-band positivity. During the 1-year follow up period, there was no incident case of CM among screened patients and overall incidence of all-cause mortality was 31.5 per 100 person-years-at-risk (95%CI: 23.0-43.1). HIV-associated asymptomatic cryptococcosis is common in Cameroon, warranting integrated systematic screening and treatment. Biosynex CryptoPS holds promise, at point of care, for rapidly stratifying CrAg positive patients for optimal management including lumbar puncture and combination antifungal therapy when needed. Prevalence of CrAg and meningitis (CM) is high in Cameroon. Biosynex CryptoPS is comparable to IMMY LFA in CrAg screening. Its T2-band correlates with high antigen titres and CM, thus promising for identifying patients requiring effective induction therapy. This study was presented in part at the 10th International Conference on Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis (ICCC) in Iguazu in Brazil from 26 to 30 March 2017 and won a prize oral presentation.