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© Research
Publication :

La dengue en Asie du Sud-Est. Enjeux pour un système de surveillance transnational : Thaïlande, Laos, Cambodge et Viêtnam Dengue in Southeast Asia. Challenges for a transnational surveillance system: Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in - 01 Jan 2025

Éric Daudé, Rick Paul, Alexandre Cebeillac, Florian Girond, Vincent Herbreteau, Sébastien Boyer

Link to HAL – hal-05046347

Link to DOI – 10.4000/13g8l

Gabriel Facal; Jérôme Samuel. L’Asie du Sud-Est 2025 : Bilan, enjeux et perspectives, Institut de recherche sur l’Asie du Sud-Est contemporaine (IRASEC), pp.79-105, 2025, 978-2-35596-083-3. ⟨10.4000/13g8l⟩

La dengue est une maladie virale transmise par les moustiques vecteurs du genre Aedes largement présents dans tous les pays d’Asie du Sud-Est. On y trouve en effet des conditions climatiques favorables à leur prolifération et des taux d’urbanisation croissants qui leur procurent une infinité de lieux de ponte et d’opportunités de piqure. La lutte contre cette maladie passe par la surveillance et le contrôle des populations de moustique, ainsi que par le suivi des dynamiques des épidémies locales et régionales. Cela implique entre autres le suivi régulier de deux facteurs essentiels : les paramètres météorologiques qui impactent directement la croissance et décroissance des populations de vecteur ; les flux des populations humaine aux échelles locales, régionales et transnationales qui orientent les dynamiques spatio-temporelles des cas de dengue. La dengue est ainsi un système pathogène complexe dont la géographie dépend aussi bien de conditions locales que transnationales, nécessitant des interventions à plusieurs échelles. L’objectif de ce chapitre est de présenter les systèmes de surveillance des épidémies de dengue dans quatre pays (Thaïlande, Laos, Cambodge et Viêtnam) et de poser les conditions de la mise en place d’un système de surveillance transnational.
Dengue is a disease caused by an arbovirus transmitted by mosquito vectors of the Aedes genus, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which are widely distributed across Southeast Asia. The region’s climatic conditions favor their proliferation, while increasing urbanization provides abundant breeding sites and opportunities for human-mosquito contact. In the absence of an effective vaccine, monitoring and controlling mosquito populations remain essential strategies for combating the disease, alongside tracking the dynamics of local and regional epidemics. This requires regular monitoring of two key factors: meteorological parameters, which influence the growth and decline of vector populations, and human mobility at local, regional and transnational scales, which shape the spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue transmission. Dengue is therefore a complex pathogenic system, with a geography influenced by both local and transnational factors, requiring multi-scale intervention strategies. This chapter aims to present dengue epidemic surveillance systems in four countries (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam) and to outline the requirements for establishing a transnational surveillance system.