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© Research
Publication : Environmental microbiology reports

Exploring divergent antibiotic resistance genes in ancient metagenomes and discovery of a novel beta-lactamase family.

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Environmental microbiology reports - 01 Oct 2016

Rascovan N, Telke A, Raoult D, Rolain JM, Desnues C,

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 27518706

Link to DOI – 10.1111/1758-2229.12453

Environ Microbiol Rep 2016 Oct; 8(5): 886-895

Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a major problem for human health. We analyzed metagenomic datasets from ancient and remote samples from diverse environmental sources and observed the presence of all the eleven antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) groups evaluated. Since ancient samples are not subjected to modern effects of antibiotic misuse, they represent a clean model to explore the natural diversity of ARG in the environment. Most sequences showed high divergence compared with known ARG, representing a much larger universe than the currently known and characterized ARGs. We explored whether proteins within the “divergent resistome” may correspond to functional ARG by characterizing a beta-lactamase hit with very low similarity to any known sequence (<45% to best BLAST hit in NCBI). By starting from purely in-silico data, we revived a new family of class B beta-lactamases from ancient medieval samples, which exhibited a very high penicillinase activity. In this work, we explored ancient resistomes and added novel support to previous works showing that the universe of ARG is naturally vast and diverse in microbial communities. Our results bring a new perspective to the exploration of environmental ARG and indicate that this gigantic reservoir represents a natural endless source of emerging resistances.