Summary of our scientific contributions to the 2005-06 chikungunya outbreak

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus of the Togaviridae family originally from Africa, assigned to three distinct genotypic lineages: Asian, East/Central/South African (ECSA), and West African. The ECSA genotype of CHIKV was responsible for a large-scale epidemic within the Indian Ocean region in 2005-06. This epidemic was unique in that the principal vector was Aedes albopictus, instead of the traditional Aedes aegypti. Sequence analysis of epidemic CHIKV strains from the region revealed that this dramatic shift in vector species was driven by a single amino acid substitution -alanine to valine at position 226 of the CHIKV E1 glycoprotein – which resulted in a 50-fold increase in transmission efficiency by Aedes albopictus. (Schuffenecker et al. 2006; Vazeille et al. 2007). Our subsequent research showed that this mutation greatly enhanced the virus ability to penetrate the midgut barrier (Arias-Goeta et al. 2013). In addition, infected females sustained high levels of viral replication with almost 10⁹ viral particles in infected females at 3 days post-infection. It was also shown that infectious viral particles were present in mosquito saliva within 48 hours post-infection (Dubrulle et al. 2009). Therefore, to be effective, vector control must be implemented less than 2 days after detection of human cases, which is technically difficult.

Aedes albopictus is now present in more than 28 European countries and was responsible for the first reported CHIKV outbreaks in Europe, in Italy in 2007 and 2017. These two outbreaks, with more than 300 CHIKV autochthonous cases reported, stressed the urgent need for a risk assessment of arboviral diseases in European countries. Using vector competence data and vector distribution, we built a prediction risk map for arboviruses and demonstrated that South Europe was more threatened by CHIKV than by dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) (Mariconti et al. 2019).

Autochthonous cases of CHIKV were also reported in south-eastern France in 2010. We showed that French Ae. albopictus were as efficient as the tropical Ae. aegypti to experimentally transmit both CHIKV and DENV (Vega-Rua et al. 2013), and that European populations were capable of transmitting CHIKV even at low temperatures highlighting the potential for future outbreaks in Europe (Zouache et al. 2014; Bellone et al. 2023; Mercier et al. 2022).

In October 2013, nine years after the emergence in the Indian Ocean, CHIKV arrived in the Americas. This CHIKV emergence was expected as we showed through a Pan-American evaluation of vector competence that American Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were experimentally susceptible to different CHIKV genotypes (Vega-Rua et al. 2014). Against all expectations, Ae. aegypti was the main vector and the emerging strain belonged to the Asian genotype of CHIKV (Vega-Rua et al. 2015). CHIKV and DENV-endemic regions often overlap and reports of co-infection in human populations are increasing. We confirmed that Ae. albopictus orally infected with both viruses are able to simultaneously deliver infectious particles of both DENV and CHIKV in saliva (Vazeille et al. 2010). CHIKV has acquired a wide range of distribution which overlaps large forested areas in South America. CHIKV can potentially spill back into the forest, initiating a sylvatic cycle, as the yellow fever virus (YFV) did in the past. We demonstrated that two sylvatic neotropical mosquito species were susceptible to two CHIKV lineages circulating in the Americas (Lourenço-de-Oliveira & Failloux 2017) stressing the high risk for CHIKV to establish a sylvatic transmission cycle and then becoming another zoonotic infection difficult to eradicate from the continent.

Except vaccination as a preventive measure, chikungunya control is mainly based on vector control. As insecticide resistance of mosquitoes increases, environmentally-friendly vector control strategies are urgently needed. Ae. albopictus is naturally infected by two strains of the bacterium Wolbachia (wAlbAand wAlbB), thought to have spread via manipulation of host reproduction. Infection of Ae. albopictus rid of wAlbAand wAlbB by antibiotic treatments, with Wolbachia isolated from Drosophila melanogaster (wMel) led to complete inhibition of transmission for both CHIKV and DENV (Blagrove et al. 2012, 2013), highlighting its potential as a novel technique to control mosquito-borne diseases. Antivirals are also available to treat CHIKV-infected patients. If drug-resistant viruses emerge, particular attention must be paid to the risk of spreading drug resistance by mosquitoes; we showed that some antiviral-resistant CHIKV strains can be transmitted by Ae. albopictus limiting our arsenal of weapons against chikungunya (Delang et al. 2018).

In anticipation of the Olympic Games Paris 2024, which attracted people from many nations, we assessed the vector competence of Ae. albopictus from Greater Paris to five arboviruses and showed that Ae. albopictus transmitted CHIKV 3-7 days after an infectious blood meal (Bohers et al. 2024). If we assume that a large number of imported cases from the Indian Ocean region are expected next summer, enhanced surveillance of Ae. albopictus must be put in place in mainland France.

Our contributions to chikungunya outbreak in 2005-06 on La Réunion Island

• Ae. albopictus has selected a CHIKV variant highly transmissible (Vazeille et al. 2007)
• Ae. albopictus becomes infectious 2 days after an infectious blood meal (Dubrulle et al. 2009)
• European populations of Ae. albopictus are capable of transmitting CHIKV at temperatures lower than 28°C (Zouache et al. 2014; Bellone et al. 2023)
• CHIKV has the potential to spill back into the forest initiating a sylvatic cycle (Lourenço-de-Oliveira & Failloux 2017)
• Controlling chikungunya using Ae. albopictus inoculated with Wolbachia of Drosophila melanogaster (wMel) could be one of the solutions (Blagrove et al. 2013).

Collaborations with the Pasteur Network on chikungunya

• Centre Pasteur du Cameroun
• Fiocruz
• IP Alger
• IP Cayenne
• IP Guadeloupe
• IP Iran
• IP Madagascar
• IP Maroc
• IP Nouvelle-Calédonie
• IP Tunis

References of the AIV lab (O: original article, R: review)

1. Amraoui F, Ben Ayed W, Madec Y, Faraj C, Himmi O, Btissam A, Sarih M, Failloux AB. Potential of Aedes albopictus to cause the emergence of arboviruses in Morocco. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Feb 14;13(2):e0006997. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006997. PMID: 30763312; PMCID: PMC6392334.(O)

2. Amraoui F, Failloux AB. Chikungunya: an unexpected emergence in Europe. Curr Opin Virol. 2016 Dec;21:146-150. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.09.014. Epub 2016 Oct 20. PMID: 27771517. (R)
3. Arias-Goeta C, Mousson L, Rougeon F, Failloux AB. Dissemination and transmission of the E1-226V variant of chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus are controlled at the midgut barrier level. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057548. Epub 2013 Feb 21. PMID: 23437397; PMCID: PMC3578806.(O)
4. Arias-Goeta C, Moutailler S, Mousson L, Zouache K, Thiberge JM, Caro V, Rougeon F, Failloux AB. Chikungunya virus adaptation to a mosquito vector correlates with only few point mutations in the viral envelope glycoprotein. Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Jun;24:116-26. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.03.015. Epub 2014 Mar 26. PMID: 24681263. (O)

5. Bakhshi H, Mousson L, Moutailler S, Vazeille M, Piorkowski G, Zakeri S, Raz A, de Lamballerie X, Dinparast-Djadid N, Failloux AB. Detection of arboviruses in mosquitoes: Evidence of circulation of chikungunya virus in Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Jun 30;14(6):e0008135. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008135. PMID: 32603322; PMCID: PMC7357783. (O)
6. Bellone R, Failloux AB. The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission. Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 25;11:584846. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584846. PMID: 33101259; PMCID: PMC7545027. (R)
7. Bellone R, Lechat P, Mousson L, Gilbart V, Piorkowski G, Bohers C, Merits A, Kornobis E, Reveillaud J, Paupy C, Vazeille M, Martinet JP, Madec Y, De Lamballerie X, Dauga C, Failloux AB. Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a multi-omics approach of temperature-induced changes in the mosquito. J Travel Med. 2023 Apr 25:taad062. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taad062. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37171132 (O)
8. Blagrove MS, Arias-Goeta C, Di Genua C, Failloux AB, Sinkins SP. A Wolbachia wMel transinfection in Aedes albopictus is not detrimental to host fitness and inhibits Chikungunya virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(3):e2152. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002152. Epub 2013 Mar 28. PMID: 23556030; PMCID: PMC3610642. (O)

9. Bohers C, Mousson L, Madec Y, Vazeille M, Rhim A, M’ghirbi Y, Bouattour A, Failloux AB. The recently introduced Aedes albopictus in Tunisia has the potential to transmit chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Oct 2;14(10):e0008475. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008475. PMID: 33007002; PMCID: PMC7556531. (O)
10. Bohers C, Vazeille M, Bernaoui L, Pascalin L, Meignan K, Mousson L, Jakerian G, Karch A, de Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. Aedes albopictus is a competent vector of five arboviruses affecting human health, greater Paris, France, 2023. Euro Surveill. 2024 May;29(20):2400271. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.20.2400271. PMID: 38757289; PMCID: PMC11100294. (O)
11. Calvez E, Pocquet N, Malau A, Kilama S, Taugamoa A, Labrousse D, Boussès P, Failloux AB, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Mathieu-Daudé F. Assessing entomological risk factors for arboviral disease transmission in the French Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 May 13;14(5):e0008250. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008250. PMID: 32401756; PMCID: PMC7219742. (O)
12. Coffey LL, Failloux AB, Weaver SC. Chikungunya virus-vector interactions. Viruses. 2014 Nov 24;6(11):4628-63. doi: 10.3390/v6114628. PMID: 25421891; PMCID: PMC4246241. (R)
13. Cottis S, Blisnick AA, Failloux AB,* Vernick KD*. Determinants of Chikungunya and O’nyong-Nyong Virus Specificity for Infection of Aedes and Anopheles Mosquito Vectors. Viruses. 2023 Feb 21;15(3):589. doi: 10.3390/v15030589. PMID: 36992298 (R)
14. Delang L, Yen PS, Vallet T, Vazeille M, Vignuzzi M, Failloux AB. Differential Transmission of Antiviral Drug-Resistant Chikungunya Viruses by Aedes Mosquitoes. mSphere. 2018 Aug 22;3(4):e00230-18. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00230-18. PMID: 30135220; PMCID: PMC6106055. (O)

15. Delatte H, Paupy C, Dehecq JS, Thiria J, Failloux AB, Fontenille D. Aedes albopictus, vecteur des virus du chikungunya et de la dengue a la Réunion: biologie et contrôle [Aedes albopictus, vector of chikungunya and dengue viruses in Reunion Island: biology and control]. Parasite. 2008 Mar;15(1):3-13. French. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2008151003. PMID: 18416242. (O)
16. Dubrulle M, Mousson L, Moutailler S, Vazeille M, Failloux AB. Chikungunya virus and Aedes mosquitoes: saliva is infectious as soon as two days after oral infection. PLoS One. 2009 Jun 12;4(6):e5895. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005895. PMID: 19521520; PMCID: PMC2690823. (O)
17. Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Caro V, Guillaumot L, Vazeille M, D’Ortenzio E, Thiberge JM, Baroux N, Gourinat AC, Grandadam M, Failloux AB. Chikungunya virus and the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti in New Caledonia (South Pacific Region). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Dec;12(12):1036-41. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0937. Epub 2012 Nov 20. PMID: 23167500. (O)
18. Failloux AB. 2016. The emergences of arboviruses: Chikungunya and zika. Bulletin de l’Académie Nationale de Médecine, Volume 200, Issues 8–9, 2016, 1751-1767, ISSN 0001-4079, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4079(19)30587-4. (R)

19. Fiorillo C, Yen PS, Colantoni A, Mariconti M, Azevedo N, Lombardo F, Failloux AB, Arcà B. MicroRNAs and other small RNAs in Aedes aegypti saliva and salivary glands following chikungunya virus infection. Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 9;12(1):9536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13780-3. PMID: 35681077; PMCID: PMC9184468 (0)
20. Fourniol L, Madec Y, Mousson L, Vazeille M, Failloux AB. A laboratory-based study to explore the use of honey-impregnated cards to detect chikungunya virus in mosquito saliva. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 1;16(4):e0249471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249471. PMID: 33793656 (O)
21. Fros JJ, Geertsema C, Vogels CB, Roosjen PP, Failloux AB, Vlak JM, Koenraadt CJ, Takken W, Pijlman GP. West Nile Virus: High Transmission Rate in North-Western European Mosquitoes Indicates Its Epidemic Potential and Warrants Increased Surveillance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jul 30;9(7):e0003956. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003956. PMID: 26225555; PMCID: PMC4520649. (O)
22. Fros JJ, Geertsema C, Zouache K, Baggen J, Domeradzka N, van Leeuwen DM, Flipse J, Vlak JM, Failloux AB, Pijlman GP. Mosquito Rasputin interacts with chikungunya virus nsP3 and determines the infection rate in Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors. 2015 Sep 17;8:464. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-1070-4. PMID: 26384002; PMCID: PMC4573678. (O)
23. Girod R, Gaborit P, Marrama L, Etienne M, Ramdini C, Rakotoarivony I, Dollin C, Carinci R, Issaly J, Dusfour I, Gustave J, Yp-Tcha MM, Yébakima A, Failloux AB, Vazeille M. High susceptibility to Chikungunya virus of Aedes aegypti from the French West Indies and French Guiana. Trop Med Int Health. 2011 Jan;16(1):134-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02613.x. Epub 2010 Aug 17. PMID: 21371212. (O)
24. Grandadam M, Caro V, Plumet S, Thiberge JM, Souarès Y, Failloux AB, Tolou HJ, Budelot M, Cosserat D, Leparc-Goffart I, Desprès P. Chikungunya virus, southeastern France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 May;17(5):910-3. doi: 10.3201/eid1705.101873. PMID: 21529410; PMCID: PMC3321794. (O)

25. Haddad N, Mousson L, Vazeille M, Chamat S, Tayeh J, Osta MA, Failloux AB. Aedes albopictus in Lebanon, a potential risk of arboviruses outbreak. BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 14;12:300. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-300. PMID: 23151056; PMCID: PMC3519687. (O)
26. Jacobs S, Wang L, Rosales Rosas AL, Van Berwaer R, Vanderlinden E, Failloux AB, Naesens L, Delang L. Favipiravir Does Not Inhibit Chikungunya Virus Replication in Mosquito Cells and Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 27;9(5):944. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9050944. PMID: 33925738; PMCID: PMC8145424. (O)
27. Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Failloux AB. High risk for chikungunya virus to initiate an enzootic sylvatic cycle in the tropical Americas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jun 29;11(6):e0005698. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005698. PMID: 28662031; PMCID: PMC5507584. (O)
28. Marconcini M, Pischedda E, Houé V, Palatini U, Lozada-Chávez N, Sogliani D, Failloux AB, Bonizzoni M. Profile of Small RNAs, vDNA Forms and Viral Integrations in Late Chikungunya Virus Infection of Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes. Viruses. 2021 Mar 25;13(4):553. doi: 10.3390/v13040553. PMID: 33806250; PMCID: PMC8066115. (O)
29. Mariconti M, Obadia T, Mousson L, Malacrida A, Gasperi G, Failloux AB*, Yen PS*. Estimating the risk of arbovirus transmission in Southern Europe using vector competence data. Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 28;9(1):17852. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54395-5. PMID: 31780744; PMCID: PMC6882796. (*co-last) (O)
30. Martin E, Moutailler S, Madec Y, Failloux AB. Differential responses of the mosquito Aedes albopictus from the Indian Ocean region to two chikungunya isolates. BMC Ecol. 2010 Mar 12;10:8. doi: 10.1186/1472-6785-10-8. PMID: 20226023; PMCID: PMC2847964. (O)
31. McFarlane M, Arias-Goeta C, Martin E, O’Hara Z, Lulla A, Mousson L, Rainey SM, Misbah S, Schnettler E, Donald CL, Merits A, Kohl A, Failloux AB. Characterization of Aedes aegypti innate-immune pathways that limit Chikungunya virus replication. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Jul 24;8(7):e2994. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002994. PMID: 25058001; PMCID: PMC4109886. (O)

32. Mercier A, Obadia T, Carraretto D, Velo E, Gabiane G, Bino S, Vazeille M, Gasperi G, Dauga C, Malacrida AR, Reiter P, Failloux AB. Impact of temperature on dengue and chikungunya transmission by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 28;12(1):6973. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10977-4. PMID: 35484193; PMCID: PMC9051100. (O)
33. Mondotte JA, Gausson V, Frangeul L, Suzuki Y, Vazeille M, Mongelli V, Blanc H, Failloux AB, Saleh MC. Evidence For Long-Lasting Transgenerational Antiviral Immunity in Insects. Cell Rep. 2020 Dec 15;33(11):108506. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108506. PMID: 33326778; PMCID: PMC7758158. (O)
34. Mousson L, Martin E, Zouache K, Madec Y, Mavingui P, Failloux AB. Wolbachia modulates Chikungunya replication in Aedes albopictus. Mol Ecol. 2010 May;19(9):1953-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04606.x. Epub 2010 Mar 22. PMID: 20345686. (O)
35. Moutailler S, Barré H, Vazeille M, Failloux AB. Recently introduced Aedes albopictus in Corsica is competent to Chikungunya virus and in a lesser extent to dengue virus. Trop Med Int Health. 2009 Sep;14(9):1105-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02320.x. PMID: 19725926. (O)
36. Moutailler S, Yousfi L, Mousson L, Devillers E, Vazeille M, Vega-Rúa A, Perrin Y, Jourdain F, Chandre F, Cannet A, Chantilly S, Restrepo J, Guidez A, Dusfour I, Vieira Santos de Abreu F, Pereira Dos Santos T, Jiolle D, Visser TM, Koenraadt CJM, Wongsokarijo M, Diallo M, Diallo D, Gaye A, Boyer S, Duong V, Piorkowski G, Paupy C, Lourenco de Oliveira R, de Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. A New High-Throughput Tool to Screen Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Zika Virus Endemic/Epidemic Areas. Viruses. 2019 Sep 27;11(10):904. doi: 10.3390/v11100904. PMID: 31569736; PMCID: PMC6832350. (O)
37. Pardigon N, Desprès P, Schuffenecker I, Zeller H, Failloux AB, Vazeille M, Grandadam M, Tolou H. 2006. La flambée du virus Chikungunya dans l’Océan indien : réflexions sur une arbovirose négligée. Virologie 10(1): 3-5. (R)
38. Pezzi L, Diallo M, Rosa-Freitas MG, Vega-Rua A, Ng LFP, Boyer S, Drexler JF, Vasilakis N, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R, Weaver SC, Kohl A, de Lamballerie X, Failloux AB; GloPID-R chikungunya, o’nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus Working Group. GloPID-R report on chikungunya, o’nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part 5: Entomological aspects. Antiviral Res. 2020 Feb;174:104670. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104670. Epub 2019 Dec 5. PMID: 31812638. (R)
39. Pezzi L, LaBeaud AD, Reusken CB, Drexler JF, Vasilakis N, Diallo M, Simon F, Jaenisch T, Gallian P, Sall A, Failloux AB, Weaver SC, de Lamballerie X; GloPID-R chikungunya, o’nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus Working Group. GloPID-R report on chikungunya, o’nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part 2: Epidemiological distribution of o’nyong-nyong virus. Antiviral Res. 2019 Dec;172:104611. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104611. Epub 2019 Sep 20. PMID: 31545982. (R)
40. Pezzi L, Reusken CB, Weaver SC, Drexler JF, Busch M, LaBeaud AD, Diamond MS, Vasilakis N, Drebot MA, Siqueira AM, Ribeiro GS, Kohl A, Lecuit M, Ng LFP, Gallian P, de Lamballerie X; GloPID-R Chikungunya, O’nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus Working Group. GloPID-R report on Chikungunya, O’nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part I: Biological diagnostics. Antiviral Res. 2019 Jun;166:66-81. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 Mar 21. PMID: 30905821. (R)
41. Pezzi L, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Reusken CB, Ribeiro GS, LaBeaud AD, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Brasil P, Lecuit M, Failloux AB, Gallian P, Jaenisch T, Simon F, Siqueira AM, Rosa-Freitas MG, Vega Rua A, Weaver SC, Drexler JF, Vasilakis N, de Lamballerie X; GloPID-R chikungunya, o’nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus Working Group. GloPID-R report on chikungunya, o’nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part 3: Epidemiological distribution of Mayaro virus. Antiviral Res. 2019 Dec;172:104610. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104610. Epub 2019 Sep 20. PMID: 31545981. (R)
42. Pouriayevali MH, Rezaei F, Jalali T, Baniasadi V, Fazlalipour M, Mostafavi E, Khakifirouz S, Mohammadi T, Fereydooni Z, Tavakoli M, Azad-Manjiri S, Hosseini M, Ghalejoogh M, Gouya MM, Failloux AB, Salehi-Vaziri M. Imported cases of Chikungunya virus in Iran. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Nov 27;19(1):1004. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4637-4. PMID: 31775718; PMCID: PMC6882078. (O)
43. Raharimalala FN, Ravaomanarivo LH, Ravelonandro P, Rafarasoa LS, Zouache K, Tran-Van V, Mousson L, Failloux AB, Hellard E, Moro CV, Ralisoa BO, Mavingui P. Biogeography of the two major arbovirus mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae), in Madagascar. Parasit Vectors. 2012 Mar 20;5:56. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-56. PMID: 22433186; PMCID: PMC3359177. (O)
44. Ramírez RMG, Bohers C, Mousson L, Madec Y, Vazeille M, Piorkowski G, Moutailler S, Diaz FJ, Rúa-Uribe G, Villar LA, de Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. Increased threat of urban arboviral diseases from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Colombia. IJID Reg. 2024 Mar 22;11:100360. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100360. PMID: 38596820; PMCID: PMC11002806. (O)
45. Rozen-Gagnon K, Stapleford KA, Mongelli V, Blanc H, Failloux AB, Saleh MC, Vignuzzi M. Alphavirus mutator variants present host-specific defects and attenuation in mammalian and insect models. PLoS Pathog. 2014 Jan;10(1):e1003877. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003877. Epub 2014 Jan 16. PMID: 24453971; PMCID: PMC3894214. (O)
46. Seixas G, Jupille H, Yen PS, Viveiros B, Failloux AB, Sousa CA. Potential of Aedes aegypti populations in Madeira Island to transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. Parasit Vectors. 2018 Sep 12;11(1):509. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3081-4. PMID: 30208974; PMCID: PMC6134710. (O)
47. Stapleford KA, Coffey LL, Lay S, Bordería AV, Duong V, Isakov O, Rozen-Gagnon K, Arias-Goeta C, Blanc H, Beaucourt S, Haliloğlu T, Schmitt C, Bonne I, Ben-Tal N, Shomron N, Failloux AB, Buchy P, Vignuzzi M. Emergence and transmission of arbovirus evolutionary intermediates with epidemic potential. Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Jun 11;15(6):706-16. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.05.008. PMID: 24922573. (O)

48. Talbalaghi A, Moutailler S, Vazeille M, Failloux AB. Are Aedes albopictus or other mosquito species from northern Italy competent to sustain new arboviral outbreaks? Med Vet Entomol. 2010 Mar;24(1):83-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00853.x. PMID: 20377735. (O)
49. Tortosa P, Courtiol A, Moutailler S, Failloux AB, Weill M. Chikungunya-Wolbachia interplay in Aedes albopictus. Insect Mol Biol. 2008 Dec;17(6):677-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00842.x. PMID: 19133077. (O)
50. Vazeille M, Jeannin C, Martin E, Schaffner F, Failloux AB. Chikungunya: a risk for Mediterranean countries? Acta Trop. 2008 Feb;105(2):200-2. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.09.009. Epub 2007 Oct 12. PMID: 18005927. (O)
51. Vazeille M, Mousson L, Failloux AB. Failure to demonstrate experimental vertical transmission of the epidemic strain of Chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus from La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Jul;104(4):632-5. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000400017. PMID: 19722089. (O)
52. Vazeille M, Mousson L, Martin E, Failloux AB. Orally co-Infected Aedes albopictus from La Reunion Island, Indian Ocean, can deliver both dengue and chikungunya infectious viral particles in their saliva. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Jun 8;4(6):e706. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000706. PMID: 20544013; PMCID: PMC2882319. (O)
53. Vazeille M, Moutailler S, Coudrier D, Rousseaux C, Khun H, Huerre M, Thiria J, Dehecq JS, Fontenille D, Schuffenecker I, Despres P, Failloux AB. Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus. PLoS One. 2007 Nov 14;2(11):e1168. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001168. PMID: 18000540; PMCID: PMC2064959. (O)
54. Vazeille M, Moutailler S, Pages F, Jarjaval F, Failloux AB. Introduction of Aedes albopictus in Gabon: what consequences for dengue and chikungunya transmission? Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Sep;13(9):1176-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02123.x. Epub 2008 Jul 8. PMID: 18631309. (O)
55. Vazeille M, Yébakima A, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Andriamahefazafy B, Correira A, Rodrigues JM, Veiga A, Moreira A, Leparc-Goffart I, Grandadam M, Failloux AB. Oral receptivity of Aedes aegypti from Cape Verde for yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2013 Jan;13(1):37-40. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2012.0982. Epub 2012 Nov 30. PMID: 23199267. (O)
56. Vazeille M, Zouache K, Vega-Rúa A, Thiberge JM, Caro V, Yébakima A, Mousson L, Piorkowski G, Dauga C, Vaney MC, Manni M, Gasperi G, de Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. Importance of mosquito “quasispecies” in selecting an epidemic arthropod-borne virus. Sci Rep. 2016 Jul 7;6:29564. doi: 10.1038/srep29564. PMID: 27383735; PMCID: PMC4935986. (O)
57. Vega-Rúa A, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Mousson L, Vazeille M, Fuchs S, Yébakima A, Gustave J, Girod R, Dusfour I, Leparc-Goffart I, Vanlandingham DL, Huang YJ, Lounibos LP, Mohamed Ali S, Nougairede A, de Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. Chikungunya virus transmission potential by local Aedes mosquitoes in the Americas and Europe. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 May 20;9(5):e0003780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003780. PMID: 25993633; PMCID: PMC4439146. (O)
58. Vega-Rúa A, Marconcini M, Madec Y, Manni M, Carraretto D, Gomulski LM, Gasperi G, Failloux AB, Malacrida AR. Vector competence of Aedes albopictus populations for chikungunya virus is shaped by their demographic history. Commun Biol. 2020 Jun 24;3(1):326. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-1046-6. PMID: 32581265; PMCID: PMC7314749. (O)
59. Vega-Rúa A, Schmitt C, Bonne I, Krijnse Locker J, Failloux AB. Chikungunya Virus Replication in Salivary Glands of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus. Viruses. 2015 Nov 17;7(11):5902-7. doi: 10.3390/v7112917. PMID: 26593936; PMCID: PMC4664990. (O)
60. Vega-Rua A, Zouache K, Caro V, Diancourt L, Delaunay P, Grandadam M, Failloux AB. High efficiency of temperate Aedes albopictus to transmit chikungunya and dengue viruses in the Southeast of France. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059716. Epub 2013 Mar 18. PMID: 23527259; PMCID: PMC3601061. (O)
61. Vega-Rúa A, Zouache K, Girod R, Failloux AB, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. High level of vector competence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from ten American countries as a crucial factor in the spread of Chikungunya virus. J Virol. 2014 Jun;88(11):6294-306. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00370-14. Epub 2014 Mar 26. PMID: 24672026; PMCID: PMC4093877. (O)
62. Yen PS, James A, Li JC, Chen CH, Failloux AB. Synthetic miRNAs induce dual arboviral-resistance phenotypes in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Commun Biol. 2018 Feb 8;1:11. doi: 10.1038/s42003-017-0011-5. PMID: 30271898; PMCID: PMC6053081. (O)
63. Zouache K, Failloux AB. Insect-pathogen interactions: contribution of viral adaptation to the emergence of vector-borne diseases, the example of chikungunya. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2015 Aug;10:14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.04.010. Epub 2015 Apr 23. PMID: 29588001. (R)
64. Zouache K, Fontaine A, Vega-Rua A, Mousson L, Thiberge JM, Lourenco-De-Oliveira R, Caro V, Lambrechts L, Failloux AB. Three-way interactions between mosquito population, viral strain and temperature underlying chikungunya virus transmission potential. Proc Biol Sci. 2014 Oct 7;281(1792):20141078. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1078. PMID: 25122228; PMCID: PMC4150320. (O)
65. Zouache K, Michelland RJ, Failloux AB, Grundmann GL, Mavingui P. Chikungunya virus impacts the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in mosquito vector. Mol Ecol. 2012 May;21(9):2297-309. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05526.x. Epub 2012 Mar 20. PMID: 22433115. (O)
66. Zouache K, Voronin D, Tran-Van V, Mousson L, Failloux AB, Mavingui P. Persistent Wolbachia and cultivable bacteria infection in the reproductive and somatic tissues of the mosquito vector Aedes albopictus. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 27;4(7):e6388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006388. PMID: 19633721; PMCID: PMC2712238. (O)