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© Research
Publication : Human mutation

Mutant NR5A1/SF-1 in patients with disorders of sex development shows defective activation of the SOX9 TESCO enhancer

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Human mutation - 22 Aug 2018

Sreenivasan R, Ludbrook L, Fisher B, Declosmenil F, Knower KC, Croft B, Bird AD, Ryan J, Bashamboo A, Sinclair AH, Koopman P, McElreavey K, Poulat F, Harley VR

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 30067310

Hum. Mutat. 2018 Dec;39(12):1861-1874

Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1/Steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1; SF-1; Ad4BP) mutations cause 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD), with phenotypes ranging from developmentally mild (e.g., hypospadias) to severe (e.g., complete gonadal dysgenesis). The molecular mechanism underlying this spectrum is unclear. During sex determination, SF-1 regulates SOX9 (SRY [sex determining region Y]-box 9) expression. We hypothesized that SF-1 mutations in 46,XY DSD patients affect SOX9 expression via the Testis-specific Enhancer of Sox9 core element, TESCO. Our objective was to assess the ability of 20 SF-1 mutants found in 46,XY DSD patients to activate TESCO. Patient DNA was sequenced for SF-1 mutations and mutant SF-1 proteins were examined for transcriptional activity, protein expression, sub-cellular localization and in silico structural defects. Fifteen of the 20 mutants showed reduced SF-1 activation on TESCO, 11 with atypical sub-cellular localization. Fourteen SF-1 mutants were predicted in silico to alter DNA, ligand or cofactor interactions. Our study may implicate aberrant SF-1-mediated transcriptional regulation of SOX9 in 46,XY DSDs.