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© Research
Publication : Frontiers in immunology

Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage.

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Frontiers in immunology - 01 Jan 2018

Casadevall A, Coelho C, Alanio A,

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 29760698

Link to DOI – 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00855

Front Immunol 2018 ; 9(): 855

Cryptococcus neoformans is not usually considered a cytotoxic fungal pathogen but there is considerable evidence that this microbe can damage host cells and tissues. In this essay, we review the evidence that C. neoformans damages host cells and note that the mechanisms involved are diverse. We consider C. neoformans-mediated host damage at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism level. Direct mechanisms of cytotoxicity include lytic exocytosis, organelle dysfunction, phagolysosomal membrane damage, and cytoskeletal alterations. Cytotoxicity contributes to pathogenesis by interfering with immune effector cell function and disrupting endothelial barriers thus allowing dissemination. When C. neoformans-mediated and immune-mediated host damage is sufficient to affect homeostasis, cryptococcosis occurs at the organism level.