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© Institut Pasteur et Institut Imagine
Scanning electron micrograph of segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB). Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are bacteria from the Clostridiaceae family that colonize the intestines of many species, likely including humans, without causing disease; they live in symbiosis with epithelial cells and are involved in the maturation of intestinal immunity.
Publication : Nature communications

Epithelial cells maintain memory of prior infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae through di-methylation of histone H3.

Scientific Fields
Diseases
Organisms
Applications
Technique

Published in Nature communications - 02 Jul 2024

Chevalier C, Chica C, Matheau J, Pain A, Connor MG, Hamon MA

Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 38956024

Link to DOI – 10.1038/s41467-024-49347-1

Nat Commun 2024 Jul; 15(1): 5545

Epithelial cells are the first point of contact for bacteria entering the respiratory tract. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an obligate human pathobiont of the nasal mucosa, carried asymptomatically but also the cause of severe pneumoniae. The role of the epithelium in maintaining homeostatic interactions or mounting an inflammatory response to invasive S. pneumoniae is currently poorly understood. However, studies have shown that chromatin modifications, at the histone level, induced by bacterial pathogens interfere with the host transcriptional program and promote infection. Here, we uncover a histone modification induced by S. pneumoniae infection maintained for at least 9 days upon clearance of bacteria with antibiotics. Di-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me2) is induced in an active manner by bacterial attachment to host cells. We show that infection establishes a unique epigenetic program affecting the transcriptional response of epithelial cells, rendering them more permissive upon secondary infection. Our results establish H3K4me2 as a unique modification induced by infection, distinct from H3K4me3 or me1, which localizes to enhancer regions genome-wide. Therefore, this study reveals evidence that bacterial infection leaves a memory in epithelial cells after bacterial clearance, in an epigenomic mark, thereby altering cellular responses to subsequent infections and promoting infection.